Reading the matrix
Each cell is a Pearson correlation coefficient between two series of daily log returns. +1 means perfectly aligned returns; −1 means perfectly opposing returns. A value near zero shows little linear relationship in this sample. Constant series are marked N/A.
We first align available ECB publication dates for all ten pairs, then calculate return = ln(today’s rate / previous rate). A 30-observation result needs 31 shared daily prices. Weekends and ECB holidays do not create artificial zero returns.